Stormwater Billing
Stormwater user fee programs — ML-assisted impervious area measurement, fee calculation by property class, stormwater credit programs for on-site SWM, bill generation, appeal management, and revenue tracking.
ML Classification
Bill Generation
Appeal Processing
Revenue Recon
Purpose-Built for Canadian Municipalities
Purpose & Scope
What this module owns
Clear ownership boundaries prevent duplication and ensure every capability has exactly one authoritative home.
Owns
6Delegated to
5Ortho imagery analysis, impervious area mapping
Bill generation, payment processing
Rate structure configuration
Online appeal submission, account portal
ML impervious surface classification
These capabilities are handled by dedicated modules and consumed via stable API contracts — keeping boundaries clean and ownership unambiguous.
Core Capabilities
What it does
3 capability groups comprising 6 discrete capabilities — each with API surface, business rules, and data ownership.
ML-assisted impervious surface classification from ortho imagery with per-property measurement, confidence scoring, and formal challenge process.
GIS Analysis
Ortho imagery and building footprint analysis to measure impervious surfaces: roofs, driveways, parking lots, patios, sidewalks.
ML Classification
Machine learning automated classification of impervious surfaces — ≥90% accuracy with manual verification for outliers.
Per-Property Data
Date, methodology, confidence level, imagery source recorded per property — audit-ready documentation.
Challenge Process
Formal challenge and review process — property owners can contest measurements with supporting evidence.
Flexible fee structures — flat-rate, tiered, or impervious-area-based per property class with exemptions and annual rate updates.
Fee Structures
Flat-rate, tiered (residential tiers by size/building type), impervious-area-based ($/m²) — configurable per municipality.
Property Classes
Per property class: residential, multi-res, commercial, industrial, institutional, agricultural, vacant.
Exemptions
Exemptions for: municipal properties, places of worship, properties without storm sewer service.
Rate Updates
Annual rate updates by by-law — rate changes automatically recalculate all account charges.
Every module owns a single bounded context, exposes stable APIs, and can be composed into any Civic product — that's the architecture that scales.
Krutik Parikh
Creator of Civic
Data Model
Entity Architecture
4 entities with 4 relationships — the authoritative schema for this bounded context.
Entities
Select an entity to explore its fields and relationships
API Surface
Integration Endpoints
7 RESTful endpoints across 6 resource groups — plus 4 domain events for async integration.
/api/v1/stormwater-billing/accounts
Stormwater billing accounts
Ecosystem
Products that depend on this module
2 Civic products consume Stormwater Billing — making it one of the most critical platform services in the ecosystem.
Technical Specifications
Performance, Compliance & Configuration
ML Impervious Classification Accuracy
Bill Generation
Appeal Processing
Revenue Reconciliation
System Availability
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
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Build on Stormwater Billing
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